Under safe-storage regulations, when are black-powder firearms considered loaded?

Black-powder firearms are considered loaded when powder and/or ball are in the barrel. This definition stems from the fundamental principle of firearm safety that equates loaded status with the presence of ammunition or a projectile within the firearm's chamber or barrel. Since black-powder firearms operate on a design that involves igniting black powder to propel a projectile, having powder and a projectile in the barrel signifies that the firearm is prepared to fire.

While other storage methods, such as cleaning, placing in a case, or having the safety catch in a specific position, may contribute to safe firearm handling, they do not determine whether the firearm is loaded in the context of safe-storage regulations. A firearm can be safely stored without being considered loaded as long as there is no ammunition in the barrel, reinforcing the importance of checking the condition of a firearm before storage.